The best any air cleaner can do is remove small particles that pass through the filter. The term HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) describes filters designed to capture 99.7 percent of all particles 0.3 microns or smaller (too small to see, but the perfect size to penetrate your lungs).
What are the two disadvantages of HEPA filters?
The two main disadvantages of HEPA filters are their ineffectiveness against gases, odors, and VOCs, as they only trap particulates, and their maintenance requirements, including high replacement costs, potential for increased energy use due to restricted airflow, and non-biodegradable waste.
Key Disadvantages
Doesn't Capture Gases & Odors: HEPA filters are designed for particles (dust, pollen, mold, pet dander), not gaseous pollutants, smoke, or chemicals like Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). For these, activated carbon filters are needed.
Maintenance & Cost: They require regular replacement (every 6-12 months), incurring ongoing costs for new filters and generating significant landfill waste.
Airflow Restriction: The dense filter material restricts airflow, making HVAC systems work harder, potentially increasing energy bills, and leading to system strain.
In summary, while excellent for particles, HEPA filters have limitations with gases and add to recurring costs and environmental impact due to filter replacement
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